如果我们为了正常项目预计，制定方案是必不可少的在我们实施行动时，事先写好一份方案是非常重要的。方案的表达要简洁明了、层次分明、精炼有效，少用套话、废话。您是不是不太清楚方案怎么写呢？下面是小编为大家整理的“高一课件”，希望你更多关注本网站更新。
根据我对教学整体的.构思，我将原课文部分调整如下：
在课前，我安排学生上网了解奥运会中国体育代表团的金牌项目，同时对他们最喜爱的体育明星进行相关个人资料的收集。
（一）Warmingup
新教材利用调查问卷式来测试学生对奥运会的认知程度，但我认为应通过运动和人，首先来调动学生的热情，通过明星们将瞬间化为永恒的精彩片段来激发学生对运动的热情，我将利用多媒体来展示这些精彩片断，让学生用语言来形容他们对运动的感受，本步骤是为了调动学生的表达对运动的感受的热情。
调动激情之后，我将新教材内容中的speaking用来对学生进行采访，了解他们是否是体育迷以及他们对体育的兴趣和爱好。具体步骤是我先用speaking当中的句型来采访几个学生，然后选几个学生采访其他人，最后进行分组采访，对学生关于体育的兴趣和爱好进行了解。本步骤的目的是让学生操练speaking中的句型
在了解学生对运动的兴趣和爱好之后，我准备展开两个部分：
（1）作为体育迷，至少是一个中国人，肯定会关注中国体育代表团在刚刚结束的奥运会上的精彩表现。
用brainstorming的形式让学生回忆中国体育健儿取得的金牌项目，扩大学生的单词量，同时通过很多优秀运动员取得金牌的拼搏精神来对学生的人生观和爱国主义精神进行教育，并且通过很多运动员的遗憾的未能取得金牌来突出奥运的参与就是胜利的精神，为阅读作准备。此步骤我将结合多媒体的图片展示，主要目的是为了扩大学生关于运动的词汇量。
（2）作为体育迷，至少是一个中国人，就应该知道下届奥运会在中国举办，作为下届奥运会的主人，对奥运知识就应该有更清楚的了解，结合新教材warming
up当中的一些题目来测试一下，增进学生对奥运会的了解。此步骤我将用多媒体展示张艺谋的奥运宣传短片的片断，目的是为阅读作准备。
（二）Listening
作为体育迷，应该会关注体育新闻，听新教材听力部分当中的三则新闻，首先填空，然后要学生用自己的话描述一下三则新闻的内容，解决单词和一些词组的用法问题。同时用一些灌篮和射门的精彩片断来丰富学生关于运动的词汇，此步骤的目的是提高学生听体育新闻报道的能力，同时为自己写新闻报道作准备。
（三）Speaking
我安排了两个内容，一是学生自己作为自己喜欢的体育明星，让别人对自己进行采访，应该可以结合新教材中的Speaking部分的句型，然后进行拓展，为作业当中的写人物专访作准备。此步骤也是为新教材当中的Integratingskills部分作准备。
二是因为近期学校开展了运动会，大家对某些精彩瞬间可能一定没有忘怀，或者是近期举办的篮球赛、足球赛，可以对它们进行体育报道，可以结合Listening中的相关报道方式，分组讨论，再进行展示。
学生可以任选一个话题，进行分组讨论活动，然后再进行展示。
（四）Homework：
结合课堂当中的人物采访、写人物报道或者是体育报道，为最后进行人物报道评出本年度最佳体育明星和进行体育报道的综合展示活动作准备。
七、板书设计
我的板书设计主要体现了本课的重点。因为利用多媒体，所以主要体现在课件上，在教学的各个步骤中。
八、教学评价
本课对学生学习效果的评价，应分为两个部分：
1、能否用英语写出个人对体育的兴趣和爱好，和人物专访；
2、是否能利用听力部分的相关知识及拓展内容对体育项目进行报道。
九、教学反思
各位评委老师大家好，我是今天的x号选手，我说课的课题是（XX）。下面我将从教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教学重难点、教法学法以及教学过程几个方面展开我的说课内容。
一、说教材
本课选自北师大版XX上册第一单元第一课，根据新课标要求，中国古代史主题是以中华文明起源和发展为主要内容，弘扬中华民族悠久历史和优良传统。第二单元主要讲述从夏朝国家的产生开始到春秋战国时期社会在政治、经济、文化上的变化发生巨大的变革，本单元是古代，中国开始走上国家社会的开端。本课重点讲述了夏商周三代的更迭，由禅让制到王位世袭制的发展，为本单元后续朝代的学习奠定基础。
二、说学情
我所授课的教学对象是XX学生，教师要做到育才施教，必要要做到了解学生、掌握学情。首先从认知能力上分析，XX学生已经初步具备了一定的认知能力，但他们对事物的认识往往仅限于表面，缺乏深入的'思考和归纳能力，而这也是我在教学过程中，着重培养的方向；其次，从心里特点上分析，中学生对历史课感兴趣，爱听历史故事，容易被新奇的事物所吸引，因此教师应抓住这些有利因素，认识到历史课时一门科学，学好历史有利于其他学科的学习；最后，从生理特点上分析，青少年活泼好动，但注意力容易分散，哎发表见解，爱受到老师的表扬，因此在教学过程中，应抓住这生理特点，一方面，利用生动活泼的形象，引发学生的兴趣，使学生的注意力始终集中到课堂上，另一面，教师积极创设教学情境，鼓励学生发表见解，勇于质疑，让学生热爱课堂。
三、说教学目标
确立教学目标是教学的出发点，也是上好一节课的前提。关于本课的教学目标，新课程标准要求简述夏朝建立的史实，知道禅让制到王位世袭制的演变。了解夏、商、西周三代的更替。紧密围绕新课标的要求，并依据新课改，以学生的发展为本的教学理念，本课的教学目标如下：
知识与能力了解禅让制到王位世袭制的演变；了解夏朝的建立、商汤灭夏、商朝建立、盘庚迁殷、武王伐纣、西周建立、西周的灭亡等基本知识，说出夏、商、西周三朝的更替顺序；归纳夏、商、西周三朝灭亡的原因并能概括其相似之处。
过程与方法在教师的引导和启发下，通过阅读自学、独立思考，对历史现象进行初步的归纳、概括和比较；通过课堂讨论等活动方式激发学习历史的兴趣，加深对所学知识的了解。
情感态度与价值观通过对夏朝的学习，知道我国是世界四大文明古国之一，历史悠久，源远流长，从而产生强烈的民族自豪感；通过学习夏、商、西周灭亡的史实，明白“得道多助，失道寡助”的道理；了解夏、商、西周大量精美文物、历史遗迹，树立保护文物、爱护文化遗产的意识；了解社会的进步和发展离不开奴隶和平民的艰苦劳动，人民群众是历史的创造者。
四、教学重难点
纵览本课，由家天下的夏朝、商汤灭夏、武王伐纣三个部分组成。由于学生在这一年龄段，思维能力有所局限，同时也是发展时期，因此我将通过了解夏商西周的更替，培养学生的分析和归纳能力作为本课重点；同时，初一学生对禅让制到王位世袭制的演变这一抽象概念的难以理解理解；公元纪年法中纪年与世纪的换算方法的了解。
五、说教法、学法
新课程改革中，要求教师针对每课的内容采取适当的教法和学法，以实现教学目标，从而圆满完成教学任务。本课依据以激发学生学习动机为主线，以思维训练为中心，所采取的教法主要有启发式教学法、情境教学法，引导学生的学法有自主学习法、合作学习法，充分体现教师的主导作用和学生的主体地位相结合的教学理念。
基本知识
1 单词和词组：
although waste a waste of believe necessary
go up bring down
passenger record keep a record at one time
make a plan for greatly
correct form
repair complete
information improve decision make a decision
thanks to
Jenny
title CAAC aeroplane
summary take up
2 日常交际用语：
In my opinion,we should…
What‘s your opinion?
I believe we should…
I don’t think it‘s necessary to buy…
We must decide…
I hope we can make a decision.
3 语法：
学习现在完成时的被动语态。
知识点精析与应用
1.单词和词组
(1)waste v.-make no use of;use without a good purpose 浪费
n.-wasting or being wasted 浪费
e.g.①We mustn’t waste any more time.我们千万别再浪费时间了。
②That would be a waste of money.那会浪费钱的。
③What a waste of energy!多么浪费精力!
note:“在…方面(浪费)”应用on或in doing sth.
Dont‘t waste time and money on the house (in building the house)
also:waste adj.-no longer of use 费的，无法利用的
e.g.When the waste water from factories is made clean and reused,a lot of money is saved.（当来自工厂的废水被净化后，重新利用，很多钱就会省下。）
(2)believe v.-fell sure of the truth of sth.;that sb.is telling the truth;be of the opinion(that)。相信(事物的真实性，人的诚实)认为(可与宾语从句连用)。
e.g.①I believe we should buy the smaller one.（我认为我们应买小的。）
②They believed him to be honest.（他们相信他很诚实。）
＝They believed that he was honest.
③Will they be ready tomorrow?Yes,I believe so.
(No,I believe not.)
他们明天会准备好吗?是的，我相信的。(不，我相信不会。)
④I believe her.(=I believe what she said)（我相信她说的话是真的。）
also meaning:believe in sb.-trust sb.信任某人
believe in sth.-feel sure of the existence of（相信…存在）
e.g.①The teacher believe in us.（老师认为我们可靠，值得信任。）
②They believe in God.（他们信上帝。）
note:believe与believe in的区别
1)believe in是“信仰，信任”
e.g.He believes in communism.他信仰共产主义。
2)believe sb.是“相信某人说的话是真的”即某一次性具体的判断，而believe in sb.指较长时间觉得某人可靠，值得信任。
e.g.①I believe him.我相信他说的话。（＝I believe what he says in true.）
②I believe in him.(＝I believe that he is a good and honest man.)
(3)complete v.-finish;bring to an end;make perfect完成，使完善
e.g.①The first and last sentences have already been completed to help you.（第一句和最后一句为了帮助你已经写完．）
②The railway is not completed yet.铁路尚未完工。
note:complete与finish的异同点
1)这两个动词都有“完成”的含义，在许多情况下可换用。
e.g.①Have you completed(finished)your work yet?你的工作完成了吗?
②The house will soon be completed(finished).这房子不久就要完工。
2)finish是一般用语，通常用于完成日常活动，而complete是较正式的用词，常用于完成预定的任务、工程、建设等。
e.g.①Have you finished the book?这本书你看完了吗?
一般不说：Have you completed the book?
②We can complete our task on time.
一般不说：We can finish our task on time.
3)finish还可用作不及物动词而complete不能。
e.g.①I’ve nearly finished.我快完成了。(＝I‘m nearly finished)
②He didn’t finish in time.他没有及时完成。
also:complete adj.-having all its parts;whole完全的，整个的
finished 完成的，结束的
e.g.①This is a complete edition of Shakespeare‘s plays.（这是莎士比亚戏剧的全集。）
②When will the book be complete?（这项工作将于何时完成?）
(4)information n.(u.)-sth.told;news or knowledge given消息、情报
e.g.①I’ve got the information for all the computers now.（现在我已有所有这些计算机的消息。）
That‘s a useful piece of information.（那是一则有用的情报(消息)。）
note: information与news的区别
1)information作“消息”、“情报”之意是一个用得比较广泛的词，指通过观察、学习、阅读、调查和交谈所获得的消息、情报乃至资料和知识等。它侧重于内容。它是不可数名词，只有单数形式。
e.g.①Please give me some informaation about trains to London.（请提供给我一些去伦敦的火车的情况。）
②I heard some pieces of information this morning.（今天早上我听到几则消息。）
2)news是“消息”、“新闻”最单纯和最一般的用语，主要侧重于“新”。它是指事件等发生后不久的消息。尤指广播、电视、报刊等新闻媒介所报道的重大“消息”和“新闻”，是不可数名词，只有单数形式。
e.g.①There is a piece of interesting news in the newspaper.（报上有一则有趣的新闻。）
②What good news it is!（多好的消息啊!）
(5)go up-rise 上升
e.g.①I believe prices might go up next week.（我认为下周的价格可能上涨。）
②New buildings are going up everywhere.（新楼房到处在建立起来。）
③Production keeps going up.（生产正在不断上升。）
(6)at one time-during a period of past过去有段时间
e.g.①At one time,there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC booking office.（曾有一度在中国民航售票处有排长队的人们在等候售票。）
②At one time I used to go mountain-climbing every summer.（有一段时期，每年夏天我便去爬山。）
other phrase:
at a time 有一次；一次；在某个时刻
at no time 在任何时候都不；决不
at other times在另外一些场合中
at the same time 同时，一齐
at that time 在那时
at times 有时，不时
知识点测试
一.
( )(1)He went on______us______it in a different way.
ing,how to do B.to show,what to do ing,to do D.to show,how to do
( )(2)What_________he sent out!
A.an important information B.important imformations C.an important piece of information D.an important piece imformation
( )(3)Don’t make any noise.He is thinking of __________next.
A.how to do B.doing what
C.what to do D.to do that
( )(4)“Do you think Mr Brown is quite pleased with his new job?”
“I______.”
A.think not B.don‘t think it
C.don’t think that D.don‘t think so
( )(5)Each believed_______he knew just__________the beast looked like.
A.that,what B.that,that
C.what,what D.what,that
( )(6)It is necessary______me______my studies before a new term.
A.for,to make a plan forB.of,making a plan for
C.for,to make a plan ofD.of,making a plan of
( )(7)How long did they________out the maths problem?
A.spend to work B.take working
C.spend working D.take to work
( )(8)Is_________necessay to complete the design before Friday?
A.this B.that C.it D.he
( )(9)The Smiths usually eat at home,but______ they eat at a nearby restaurant.
A.some times B.at times C.at one time D.at that time
( )(10)Most of the students’ time is spent____________ studies.
A.to do B.doing C.on D.for
( )(11)Mr Wang kept___all his old students, though he had retired(退休).
A.a record B.the record
C.a record from D.a record of
( )(12)Is this village_________you visited last autumn?
A.where B.that C.one D.the one
( )(13)I really don‘t know______.
A.which topic to choose B.what to choose topic
C.which to choose topic D.what topic choosing
( )(14)The teacher get someone_______her.
A.help B.to help C.helped D.helping
( )(15)_______your help,we have_______.
A.Thanks to,finished B.Thanks to,completed
C.Thank for,finished D.Thank for,completed
( )(16)When and where to build the new factory__________yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided
C.has not decided D.have not decided
( )(17)You can’t_________till tomorrow morning af-ter the blood examination.
A.not noly eat but also drink B.either eat or drink
C.neither eat nor drink D.both eat and drink
( )(18)I thought you______like something to read,so I‘ve brought you some storbooks.
A.may B.must C.might uld
( )(19)He hasn’t been able to lose his weight, _______he has done much exercise.
A.although B.but C.though D.as though
( )(20)I‘m sure the prices of grain will__________down.
A.bring B.be brought C.be dropped D.be cut
二.语法练习
( )(1)My parents__________invited to the party.
A.both have been B.have both been
C.have been both D.had been both
( )(2)You can see the house________for years.
A.isn’t painted B.hasn‘t painted
C.hasn’t been painted D.hadn‘t painted
( )(3)Some new oilfields(油田)________since 1976.
A.were opened up B.has opened up
C.have been opened up D.had been opened up
( )(4)“Why does Lingling look so unhappy?”
“She has_______by her classmates.”
A.laughed B.laughed at
C.been laughed D.been laughed at
( )(5)This is a photo of the power station that___________in my home town.
A.has set up B.has been set up
C.was set up D.is set up
( )(6)Great changes__________in the city,and a lot of factories___________.
A.have been taken place,have been set up
B.have taken place,have been set up
C.have taken place,have set up
D.were taken place,were set up
( )(7)The police found that the house_________and a lot of thins_______.
A.has broken into,has been stolen
B.had broken into,had been stolen
C.has been broken into,stolen
D.had been broken into,stolen
( )(8)When the firemen arrived,the fire________put out.
A.has B.had C.was D.had been
( )(9)All the sewing machines(缝纫机)__________sold out before we arrived.
A.have B.have been C.had been D.had
( )(10)Some of the chapters(章、节)____________by many scientists.
A.have been widely read B.have been read wide
C.have dipped into D.have looked through
答案
一. (1)-(5)D C C D A (6)-(10)A C C B C
(11)-(15)D D A B A (16)-(20)A B C C B
二. (1)-(5)B C C D B (6)-(10)B D D C A
1．本文主要写了什么内容？
本文是关于伦理学方面的随笔，阐述的是一个人从刚出生到长大成人这段时间里“爱”的能力的获得与发展，精辟地论述了母爱和父爱在人生中的区别，指出人的成熟过程是从同母亲的紧密关系发展到同父亲的紧密关系，最后达到综合的过程。目的是引导学生从理论高度，重新认识父母与孩子之间的爱，通过对爱进入哲学层次的思考，提炼出了爱的价值，也唤起人们施与爱给别人，才能得到爱。爱并不是一种与人的成熟程度无关的感情，而是一个能力的问题，是一门通过训练自己的纪律和耐心学到手的一门艺术。
2．本文的写作思路是怎样的?
作者由婴儿阶段的特点写起，详尽地论述了人生不同阶段母爱和父爱的根本区别，为如何教育子女提供了有益的借鉴。婴儿阶段过后，孩子开始了对爱的体验，认为“我被人爱是因为我是我”，母爱对他来说是一种祝福，是一种和平，不需要通过努力获得。八岁到十岁的儿童开始“创造爱”，有了爱的能力，爱的对象也由母亲转向了父亲。父亲开始教育孩子，向孩子指出通往世界之路。
3．文章中谈到两种爱的原则：“我爱，因为我被人爱”和“我被人爱，因为我爱人”。这两种原则的区别在哪里?
按照作者的观点，爱自己的价值，在自我中是不能实现的，只有在他人和社会的存在中才能实现。“他人的要求同自己的要求同等重要--事实上也许更为重要。给比得更能使自己满足，更能使自己快乐，爱要比被爱更重要。”后一种爱是成熟的爱，从爱他人中实现爱自己。前一种爱是不成熟的幼稚的爱，因为受到了别人的爱，需要别人，才去爱别人。
4．母爱和父爱各具有什么特点?母爱和父爱各有什么消极的一面?
母爱是无条件的。母亲热爱新生儿，并不是因为孩子满足了她的什么特殊的愿望，符合她的想象，而是因为这是她生的孩子。但无条件的母爱有其缺陷的一面，这种爱不仅不需要用努力去换取，而且也根本无法赢得。如果有母爱，就有祝福；没有母爱，生活就会变得空虚--而我却没有能力去唤起这种母爱。
父爱是有条件的。消极的一面是父爱必须靠努力才能赢得，在辜负父亲期望的情况下，就会失去父爱。父爱的本质是：顺从是最大的道德，不顺从是最大的罪孽，不顺从将会受到失去父爱的惩罚。父爱可以受人的控制和努力的支配。
1．整体把握全文，自己尝试编写全文结构提纲。参考示例：
全文按照一个人成长的过程来叙述母爱与父爱在他构成自己健康而成熟的灵魂中的作用,其结构如下：
间的爱 第4～8段：情感对象 现象：先理解母爱，再认识父爱
2．我们每个人都亲身感受过和正在感受父母之爱，这种感受如何表达？作者从他哲学家、精神分析家、社会学家的角度来表达，写作上，本文哪些方面值得我们借鉴？
提示：①从具体事实，上升到理论高度；②采用比较分析的方法。
三、延伸拓展
埃里希弗罗姆(1900～1980)，美国著名心理学家、社会哲学家、法兰克福学派的重要代表人物。他从人本主义出发，力图将弗洛伊德主义和马克思主义这两种学说融合起来，并以此来考察、分析当代世界尤其是西方资本主义社会的各种现实问题、矛盾和危机。“人性异化”是弗罗姆以人性为标准，透过当代资本主义社会经济繁荣和生活富裕的表象，考察其内在矛盾而得出的结论。他对这一社会中的人性异化问题进行了淋漓尽致的揭露与批判。
同时，弗罗姆也是当代西方新精神分析学派的理论权威。他探索了心理学和社会之间的相互影响问题，他提出所有已知的社会结构均不能适应人类的基本情绪需要。他认为将精神分析的原则应用于病的治疗，人类便能设计出一个心理平衡的 “健全社会”。弗罗姆一生著述甚丰，内容广泛，主要著作有《逃离自由》《健全的社会》《爱的艺术》《随笔》等。
2．《爱的艺术》中所谓的“爱”与人们普遍认为的那种“一个人偶然幸运地体验并陶醉的一种纯粹的快感”不同。弗罗姆认为，爱与其说是一种情感，毋宁说是一种能力，一种态度。爱是一种积极的活动，并不是一种被动的情感。如果用最通常的方式来描述爱的主动特征，那么，它主要是给予，而并不是接受。
这本书必定会使所有期望从这本书得到掌握爱的艺术秘诀的读者大失所望。
恰恰相反，这本书要告诉读者，爱情不是一种与人的成熟程度无关，只需要投入身心的感情。这本书要说服读者：如果不努力发展自己的全部人格并以此达到一种创造倾向性，那么每种爱的试图都会失败；如果没有爱他人的能力，如果不能真正谦恭地、勇敢地、真诚地和有纪律地爱他人，那么人们在自己的爱情生活中也永远得不到满足。每个人都可以问问自己，你确实见过多少真正有能力爱的人呢？
1．下列词语中加点字的读音，全部不相同的一组是 （ ）
（1）八岁以下的儿童还不会爱，他对被爱的 是感谢和高兴。
（2）母亲热爱新生儿，并不是因为孩子满足了她的什么特殊的愿望，符合她的想像， 因为这是她生的孩子。
（3）成熟的人既同母亲的良知，又同父亲的良知，生活在一起， 两者看上去互为矛盾。
A．改革是形势发展的必然，在这深化改革的非常时期，谁要是因循守旧，不敢越雷池半步，谁就会被时代所抛弃。
B．亲爱的伯父，十多年没见到您了，您现在安然无恙了吧!
C．父爱应该受一定原则支配并提出一定的要求，应该是宽容的、耐心的，不应该是咄咄逼人和专横的。
D．他从来没有见过大世面，这回一下子遇到这样复杂的事情，一时真有点六神无主。
A．为了防止这类交通事故不再发生，我们加强了交通安全的教育和管理。
B．不管气候条件和地理环境都极端不利，登山队员仍然克服不了困难，胜利攀登到顶峰。
C．该市有人不择手段仿造伪劣产品，对这种坑害顾客骗取钱财的不法行为，应给予严厉打击。
D．一个好母亲是不会阻止孩子成长和不会鼓励孩子求援的。
（一）阅读下面的文字，完成后面习题。
孩子不断生长、发育，他 开始有能力接受事物的本来面目。母亲的乳房不再是唯一的食物来源。终于他能区别自己的渴、能喂饱肚子乳汁、乳房和母亲。他开始知道其他物体有其自己的、与他无关的'存在。在这个阶段孩子学会叫物体的名称，同时学习如何对待这些物体；他开始懂得火是热的，会烫人，木头是硬的， 很沉，纸很轻，能撕碎。他也开始学习同人打交道：他看到如果他吃东西，母亲就微笑；如果他哭泣，母亲就把他抱起来；如果他消化得好，母亲就称赞他。所有这些经历凝聚并互相补充成为一种体验：那就是我被人爱。我被人爱是因为我是母亲的孩子。我被人爱是因为我孤立无援。我被人爱是因为我长得可爱并能赢得别人的喜爱。简而言之就是我被人爱是因为我是我。母爱的体验是一种消极的体验。我什么也不做就可以赢得母亲的爱， 母亲是无条件的，我只需要是母亲的孩子。母爱是一种祝福，是和平，不需要去赢得它，也不用为此付出努力。但无条件的母爱有其有缺陷的一面。这种爱不仅不需要用努力去换取，而且也根本无法赢得。如果有母爱，就有祝福；没有母爱，生活就会变会得空虚--而我却没有能力去唤起这种母爱。
A．如果 就 而且 因为 B．因为 就 而且 因而
C．如果 那么 而且 因而 D．因为 因此 而且 因为
7．文中说“母爱的体验是一种消极的体验”，这句话的含意是什么?
答：
8．文中说母爱“也根本无法赢得”，应怎样理解?
答：
9．文中说“我被人爱是因为我是母亲的孩子。我被人爱是因为我孤立无援。我被人爱是因为我长得可爱并能赢得别人的喜爱”。这句话用了什么修辞方法?有什么表达作用?
答：
（二）阅读下面的片断，完成以下练习。
一个成熟的人最终能达到他既是自己的母亲，又是自己的父亲的高度。他发展了一个母亲的良知，又发展了一个父亲的良知。母亲的良知对他说：“你的任何罪孽，任何罪恶都不会使你失去我的爱和我对你的生命、你的幸福的祝福。”父亲的良知却说：“你做错了，你就不得不承担后果；最主要的是你必须改变自己，这样你才能得到我的爱。”成熟的人使自己同母亲和父亲的外部形象脱离，却在内心建立起这两个形象。同弗洛伊德的“超我”理论相反，人不是通过合并父亲和母亲，从而树立起这两个形象，而是把母亲的良知建筑在他自己爱的能力上，把父亲的良知建筑在自己的理智和判断力上。成熟的人既同母亲的良知，又同父亲的良知生活在一起，尽管两者看上去互为矛盾。如果一个人只发展父亲的良知，那他会变得严厉和没有人性；如果他只有母亲的良知，那他就有失去自我判断力的危险，就会阻碍自己和他人的发展。
10．你如何理解“母亲的良知”和“父亲的良知”?请结合课文，作简要回答。
答：
11．作者为什么说“如果一个人只发展父亲的良知，那他会变得严厉和没有人性”?你是否同意这个观点?试作说明。
答：
12．分析画线句子的表达效果。
我无法不为那样的场面而感动，为那份鲜为人知的父爱而落泪。
成百上千只企鹅爸爸挤在狭长的冰岛上，在漫长的黑夜和同样漫长的严寒中，站立在冰面上，以一种不变的姿态，孵着托在脚蹼间、用厚厚绒毛盖着的那枚企鹅蛋。整整64个不能进食的白昼、不能安眠的黑夜，换来小企鹅破壳而出的那一刻。爱子如命的企鹅爸爸，到最后几乎变成了一块没有知觉的冰砣。
南极，一个冰清玉洁、银装素裹的世界。天空蓝得有几许神秘，皇帝企鹅一对对钻出海水，登上岩屿。它们那永远都在凝望和企盼的姿态，有一种与生俱来的高贵雍容。圆圆的瞳孔里透出一派天籁的安详。阳光给它们洁白氅衣上敷上夺目的金黄，一如皇帝的龙袍。它们头顶上那一抹浅蓝和肚腹上那些个嫩粉，使那寒冷的画面有了些许鲜亮和温和。此时严寒使海洋敛住轰鸣和喧哗，崖上冰山上一道道奇妙无比的冰褶和瀑纹借了风的力量，塑造出各种姿态的凝固了的生命。就在这样的环境里，母企鹅产下一年中仅有的一枚珍贵的卵。
为了恢复产后虚弱的身体，也为了给64天后将来到南极的小生命预备下口粮，她们不得不和丈夫分离，把孵蛋的重任交给雄企鹅，依依不舍地踏上遥远的觅食之路。出发前，夫妻俩搂抱在一起，母企鹅把蛋从肚囊下移到雄企鹅的脚蹼间，整个过程迅速而准确，要知道那蛋若不小心滚到一边，在南极零下几十度的冰天雪地里，几秒钟蛋壳就会冻裂．活活断送掉一条小生命。南极的生存规则是严酷的，一如它的气候和地貌。于是，抱着蛋卵、直立着身躯伫立在冰面上的企鹅爸爸们成了南极洲最让人刻骨铭心的一道风景。
它就这样，怀抱着不能碰不能压不能搁下片刻的责任，吃力地、安详地等待着，实现着做父亲的承诺，用厚实的身躯为还未出世的孩子遮挡着南极无边无际的风雪。它知道此时此刻自己是孵化中的小生命的唯一依靠。企鹅孵化后代的方式异常枯燥艰辛，在两个月里不能挪动身躯、不能睡觉、不能吃任何东西，天晓得它哪来的这般好耐性、好脾气、好体力，浓浓的父爱抑制了它所有的欲念，不吃不喝，身体各个器官几乎进入了冬眠状态。然而它又不能沉入梦乡，那枚又薄又脆的卵需要百倍清醒的呵护，它只能依靠消耗自身的脂肪来保持身体的热量，用来维持孵卵所需要的温度。
南极的冰阪辽阔空旷，风在冰川狂暴地奔驰,有一种呼啸长空的力度和一种穿透金属的震撼力。肆无忌惮地朔风包裹着冰屑，挟带着雪末，遇上阻挡，就像荆轲刺秦王的最后一剑逼得你无处躲藏。企鹅爸爸冰雕石刻般站立在风中，为一种深而不灭的信念而守候着，坚持着。那是一种多么圣洁的爱啊，这种情形让每个心中有爱的都会泫然。此时的企鹅爸爸是那样的慈爱，柔情不输母性，正如诗中所说的那样，“无情未必真豪杰，恋子如何不丈夫”。世间不求回报的爱，都源于每一颗做父亲、母亲的心。这份老牛舐犊的亲情地老天荒永远不变。
当小企鹅从壳中探出湿漉漉的小脑袋，惊奇地打量外面的世界时，第一眼见到的不是妈妈，而是疲惫之极又欣喜之极的爸爸。此时的企鹅爸爸已是形销骨立，瘦得不成样子，在雏鸟啄壳的“吡剥”声中，它享有了真正的快乐。快乐是需要付出代价的，要被爱，更要去爱，要获得，更要给予。雄企鹅怀着这样的喜悦，仔细地将胖乎乎像个灰白色绒线团的小企鹅捂在自己的肚腹下，感受着儿女的每一束呼吸。既怕严寒冻坏了它，又怕贼鸥掠走了它，更怕顽皮的小家伙一旦走失，会被那些因稚子夭折而痛疯了的老企鹅在争抢之间误伤致死。如果是这样，企鹅爸爸在找到被冻成冰砣的孩子时，依旧会小心翼翼地把幼子保护起来，那种痴痴的爱没法不让人长叹。
雌企鹅终于成群结队地回来了，它们凭声音和气味找到了分别两个多月的丈夫，看见了挂念已久却从未谋面的小宝贝，急急地从嗉子里吐出小鱼小虾喂孩子。刚刚团聚又要分开，雄企鹅不得不告别妻子，因为南极洲的海面马上就要被冰封堵起来，如果再不去觅食，它就会饿毙在妻儿面前。企鹅爸爸实在舍不得心爱的小企鹅，一步一回头，那是一种多么深情的眷顾和难舍难分的情愫，最后企鹅爸爸们还是跳进了大海，向大海深处游去。在它们身后，是企鹅妈妈和小企鹅的呢喃声。吮吸着父母的爱，小东西会很快长大的，长成南极洲新的骄傲，走过冰川，去仰望新的太阳。
13.结合文意,说明第(6)自然段中“一种深而不灭的信念”的含义。
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14.文章第(5)自然段中说“伫立在冰面上的企鹅爸爸们成了南极洲最让人刻骨铭心的一道风景”,请你结合全文内容,概括企鹅爸爸让人感到“刻骨铭心”的表现。
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15．作者在第六段中极力渲染南极气候的严寒，这样写有什么作用？
答：
A．这篇散文选取新颖的题材表现父爱，表达了作者对甘于牺牲自我、执著为爱的企鹅爸爸的高度赞美。
B．全文以叙述和议论为主，把企鹅爸爸孵育孩子的经历刻画得淋漓尽致，具有强烈的震撼力。
C．第四段中“南极的生存……一如它的气候和地貌”，进一步反衬出企鹅爸爸执著追求的高贵品质。
D．第七段中“快乐是需要付出代价的……”是对全文的高度概括，以此来看，父爱有时比母爱还要深沉、伟大。
E．最后一段“那是一种多么深情……向大海深处游去”，含蓄地表现出企鹅爸爸为爱义无反顾的献身精神。
17．在《父母与孩子之间的爱》一文中，对父爱有如下表述：“父亲总是挑选他认为最合适的儿子当继承人，也就是与他是相像，因而也是最得他欢心的那个儿子。父爱是有条件的爱。”你认为父爱有条件吗? 请根据自己调查研究的结果写一篇500字的小论文，阐述自己对“父爱是否有条件”的看法。
我来自，我今天说课的课例是高中历史必修一第六专题《古代希腊、罗马的政治文明》中的第一课《民主政治的摇篮——古代希腊》
说课内容将围绕六个方面展开：教材的地位和作用讲析、教学目标、教学重点和难点、分析学生说教法学法、教学过程设计、教学反思，
一、教材的地位和作用：
本课教材是专题六的第一课，专题六是新高考增加的考试内容，主要讲述古代希腊、罗马政治文明的精华-民主与法制,是古典世界留给后人的一笔珍贵的政治文化遗产。第一课的内容是了解古希腊民主政治赖以萌芽、发展的自然和社会历史条件，认识自然环境对文明的影响很大，从中对我们有所借鉴。因此本课无论是在本专题还是在政治发展都具有重大的深远的历史意义。
二、说教学目标
1、课标要求：通过对古希腊文明产生的自然地理环境、希腊城邦制度的特点、希腊公民的素质的阐述，来认识古代希腊民主政治产生的自然和社会基础。
2、知识与能力：通过对古希腊民主政治产生的自然地理环境和社会条件的了解，培养学生全方位认识历史问题的能力
3、过程与方法：在教师的指导下学生围绕本课三个知识点进行课前预习，想象自己作为一个希腊城邦公民参加政治活动的情形，体会古代西方世界的公共政治活动氛围。
4、情感、态度与价值观：通过对希腊民主政治产生的自然条件与社会环境的认识，使学生明白一种制度的产生总是与其所处的自然地理环境和社会环境密切相关，一方水土、一种社会制度造就一方人民。希腊民主政治的产生得益于古代希腊独特的自然、社会环境和享有充分政治权利的公民。
三、说教学重难点
1、教学重点：古希腊独特的自然地理环境对希腊城邦民主政治产生的历史作用。
突破策略：展示古希腊地图，引导学生从位置，地形、气候分析古希腊的地理环境，进而分析这种地理环境对希腊产生的影响，并且与古代中国进行比较，从而能更好地理解独特的自然地理环境对希腊城邦民主政治产生的历史作用，以突破重点。
2、教学难点：西方的民主政治兴起于古希腊的历史条件。
突破策略：结合教材三个子目，设计“古希腊考察团”，通过三个行程考察古希腊的地理位置、古城邦、古公民，在情景教学中，领会古希腊民主政治产生的三个条件，达到突破难点的目的'。
四、分析学生说教法学法
1、学情分析(说学生)
本课的授课对象是福安二中的高一学生，他们思维较活跃，乐于表现，但认知水平相对有限，尤其对于世界史的基础知识储备不足，而且知识缺乏系统性，因此，在高一教学过程中首要任务就是通过再现生动直观的历史画面，激发学生的学习兴趣，构建知识结构体系并力争在能力上有所突破。
2、说教法
新课标要求充分发挥学生的主体性、积极性和参与性，培养学生探究历史问题的能力和实事求是的.科学态度。因此，在教学过程中要求学生自学教材上编写的较为详细的内容，对于重点、难点，我采用
(1)图片展示法：高一学生，形象思维能力较强，抽象思维相对薄弱。通过展现古代希腊文明和地理环境组图，加深学生对城邦的印象，适时引导学生思考城邦形成的原因。
(2)比较法：
(3)课堂讨论法：教学过程中，对于思维能力要求高的问题，教师可以采用课堂讨论的方式解决。这既可锻炼学生发散性思维，又可培育同学间相互探讨的氛围。
(4)情景教学法：学生想象自己作为一个希腊城邦公民参加政治活动的情形，体会古代西方世界的公共政治氛围以培养学生自主学习的意识，主动参与大胆质疑，创新的思维使学生的智能和认知水平得到发展。
3、说学法
与教法相适应，我通过组织学生课前预习、课堂讨论、合作学习与合作探究，培养学生的自学能力，观察能力和创新思维能力。
总之，教法和学法的设计，我尽可能以培养学生独立思考和探究能力为目的。因为只有通过个体独立思索、探究发现而建立的知识系统，才是最稳定的。
五、说教学过程设计
(一)导入新课
如何导入新课是上好每堂课的第一步，也是关键的一步。良好的导入语能在某种程度上激发学生的兴趣。
1、本节课我是通过一组图片导入，图片展示古希腊辉煌的历史文明，设计XX：古希腊文明光辉灿烂，一直影响到现在。那么到底是怎样的一片大地孕育了如此伟大的文明，又是在怎样的政治制度下，古希腊文明会有如此灿烂的发展。这样做的目的，是让学生感性的认识到古希腊文明灿烂辉煌，激发学生的探究XX，吸引学生的注意力，为新课的讲授打下良好的铺垫。由此导入新课。
2、展示课题，解释何为民主
(二)讲授新课
根据新课程标准的内容要求，我将本节课的教学活动设计一次“古希腊考察活动”，通过三个行程的情景教学，考察古希腊的地理位置、古城邦、古公民，领会古希腊民主政治产生的三个条件。这样做的目的：学生作为考察团的成员，可以提高学生参与教学活动的热情，知道考察的内容就是这节课要掌握的知识要点，达到提高45分钟的课堂学习效率。
1. He sat at the desk, __________ a novel.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
2. If you cheat in the exam, you could hardly _________ it.
A. throw away B. get away C. get away from D. get away with
3. No potatoes for me—I’m _______ a diet.
4. The speed of cars and trucks is _____ to 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China.
A. limited B. limiting C. limiting to D. limited to
5. Smoking is a bad habit. You should _________ it.
A. throw away B. get away with C. get rid of D. throw
6. I’m really tired _______ Tom. He had me _________ for two hours in the rain.
A. of, waiting B. with; wait C. of; waited D. with; waited
7. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________ this year. (浙江 2005)
A. the best B. better C. the most D. more
8. Filled with anger, he didn’t shout or swear, but just ________ silently at me.
A. looked B. stared C. glared D. glanced
9. — Why was Tom scolded by our teacher? — For ________.
A. tell a lie B. telling lies C. told lies D. telling lie
10. — Anything new in the new regulations? — They will be ________ to us all.
A. of great benefit B. do harms C. do many good D. for the benefit
11. Must I get through the business in one evening? No, you ________.
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. needn’t to D. don’t have to
12. Your article is too long. You must _______ to about 3000 words.
A. cut it off B. cut it up C. cut it down D. cut it into
13. If your knowledge can be in some way _______ with my experiences, we are sure to succeed.
A. joined B. united C. connected D. combined
14. The news was so ____ that all the people present at the meeting were _______ at it.
A. amazing, amazing B. amazed, amazed C. amazing, amazed D. amazed, amazing
15. You ______be sitting in this waiting room, sir. You see, it is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. dare not C. need not D. will not
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~10各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上。
Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods. These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
People need energy 16 . They eat different kinds of food which change into energy. The energy is 17 in calories. Even when you 18 , you are using energy – about 65 calories an hour. 19 you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you 20 be using 400 calories an hour. On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, 21 as much as 650 calories an hour.
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is 22 in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world. That is 23 lots of people in China have healthy white teeth.
People in the Western world do not eat such healthy foods. They eat 24 fat and sugar and don’t take enough 25 . Because of this, they 26 weight very easily. Their diet contains a lot of fat in the 27 of potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate. They eat a lot of sugar which exist in cakes, soft drinks, 28 and so on. The result is that many of them become fat. 29 some have bad teeth. In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, 30 the age of thirty, has no teeth left.
16. A. for lifeB. to live C. to live withD. for a living
17. A. measuringB. takenC. measuredD. measure
18. A. are asleepB. fall asleepC. go to sleep D. go to bed
20. A. mustB. canC. needD. might
21. A. surelyB. usuallyC. perhapsD. hardly
24. A. much tooB. many tooC. too manyD. too much
25. A. exercisesB. foodC. workD. exercise
26. A. put onB. gain onC. get onD. put up
27. A. typeB. formC. kindD. sort
28. A. sweetsB. sweetC. candy barD. sweet thing
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的'四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上。 A．
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can keep your body strong, so take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy products group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
31. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.
C. Corn, fish, cream and pork. D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.
32. Which of the following is a good eating habit?
A. Going to school without any breakfast.B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.
C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.
D. Having at least one food from all the four groups each meal.
33. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ______.
A. every person needs food to grow wellB. taking exercise can keep your body strong
C. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
D. enough energy helps people think more quickly
B.
Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
34. According to the passage,_________.
B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep
C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape
D. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy
35.In order to keep good health, ___________ .
A. we should eat a lot of sweets B. one needs a large amount of fat
C. people should eat according to the foods nutrition D. we must try to sleep now and then
36. Eating more and sleeping less________.
A. can keep healthy B. is no good for you
C. gets you more energy D. will keep your personality
37.The writer explains ________in this passage.
A. how to eat B. the importance of doing exercise
C. how to keep healthy D. what to eat
38.The title of the article should be___________ .
A. Eating and Exercising B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C. Staying Healthy D. Sleeping Well
C.
Isn't it astonishing how much time we spend talking about food? “Have you ever eaten …?” “What did you have for lunch?” and so on. And yet when you travel from one country to another, you will find that people have quite different feelings about food. People often feel that what they eat is normal (正常) and that what other people eat is strange or silly. In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice. In England, people eat potatoes every day. In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal. Eating like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change. Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee. The English drink tea four or five times every day. Australians drink a great deal of beer, and the French drink wine every day.
The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France. In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes. New Zealander eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat be-cause of its smell, but they enjoy eating raw fish (生鱼).
So it seems that although eating is a topic we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say it. People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits.
39. Which of the following is true according to the article?
A. All people have the same feeling about food.
B. In most parts of Asia, people usually have rice for meals.
C. People often consider other people to be strange or silly.
D. The topic people spend time talking about is bread and meat.
40. People in different countries .
A. drink the same sort of wineB. have the same eating habit
C. eat different kinds of meatD. have the same tea at different time within a day
41. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat .
A. because they dislike its smellB. because it is too expensive
C. because it is easy to go badD. because they think it will do harm to their health
42. English people drink tea four or five times a day .
A. because they get thirsty easilyB. because there is plenty of tea in Britain
C. because of their drinking habitD. because they have enough time to do so
第一节：根据句子的意思，写出正确的单词，并注意词的正确形式。（共10小题；10分）。
1. He gained all his ________(力量) and was ready for a second try.
2. I patted her _______(温柔地) on the shoulder.
3. It is healthier to keep a b_______ diet every day.
4. This restaurant was not giving its ______(顾客) energy-giving food.
5. ________ (好奇心)drove Wang Pengwei inside Yong Hui’s restaurant.
6. Wang Pengwei stopped worrying and started advertising the _______(好处) of his food.
7. To succeed, we must ___________(结合) talent with working hard.
8. He has been working for a long time, but he is still full of __________.（energetic）
9. You should do some _________(研究) before making the final decision.
10. She is not _________(苗条的)enough to wear these tight trousers.
1. When we are cooking with a gas fire, we ________(can / must) keep the window open.
2. Mr. Joseph has stayed in the US for several years. He _____(may / can) speak English quite well.
3. Jack’s ill, so they ______ (must / have to) change their plans.
4. It _______ (can't / mustn't) be Miss Gao. I know she has gone to Beijing.
5. You say you ________ not do it but I say you ____________ (shall / will)
第三节：根据中文意思完成句子(共5小题；10分)。
1. 我用了一个月才摆脱咳嗽。It took me a month to _____ _____ _____my cough.
2. 她欠我100块钱。 She _______ ________ _______ to me for 100 yuan RMB.
3. 我们应该抛弃考试作弊的坏习惯。We should ________ _________ the bad habit of cheating in the exam.
4.他们没有打架，只是站在那怒视对方。They didn’t fight, but stood there _____ ______ one another.
5．David 靠给报社写文章维生。David ____ _____ ______ by writing articles for newspapers.
高一英语13snacks课件
高一英语13snacks课件
Period 3
Integrating skills ---- reading and writing (snack)
Step 1. Warming up (pre-reading)---watch a video and answer:
Show a tape and get the ss to discuss
1. Which diet is healthier, Chinese or western? Why?
Chinese, it’s high in ….. while the western diet contains …
2. why do some of the British have no teeth left at the age of thirty?
They eat too much sugar and fat in the form of chips and coke.
Although chinese diet is healthier ,we still feel hungry between meals. So what will we have to do?
Eat some snacks.
Ok. Now listen what snacks are mentioned in the listening materials?
Step 2 listen and speak out
To learn the structure of how to write a recipe. including two activities.
Activity One:read and learn what the 1st para talks about.
Para 1 1.Tick out what food is mentioned?
2. Read and answer
1) Which is healthier? Fruit
2) Why is fruit healthy?
It hasn’t too much fat and sugar. It gives us carbohydrates, which our body and brain use for energy? It also gives us fiber and Vitamin.
3) Why are the other two unhealthy food?
They have too much tat and sugar.
Activity Two
Para 2 Learn the outline of a recipe
Q1 : Besides these two snacks, the passage also mentions some other snacks. What are they?
Answer:---- Shaomai and Chicken roll-ups.
Q2 : How can we make Shaomai and Chicken roll-ups?.
Get Ss to give the outline of one of the two recipes (pair work)
Write an outline of a recipe:
Name:
Ingredients:
Directions:
Then deal with the recipe one by one.
Step 3: writing (group work) begin to write a recipe according to what you have learnt in the passage.
Discuss and write a recipe
Name Ingredients Directions
Key words:
Green onions, garlic, pepper, soy sauce, ginger, vinegar, sugar, wine, salt.
Peel, slice, dice, steam, fry, boil, stir, mix, add, chop, spoon., fill, cut… into pieces, fold, roll up
Discuss: 1) name your dish
2) talk about the ingredients of the dish and directions
3) list your steps of how to cook the dish.
Step 4 Evaluation
Share what the Ss have written in groups and in Class.
Teacher give some comments on the group works.
Sample 1 :
Golden delicious fish!
Ingredients:
a fish, green onions, garlic, ginger, red peppers, pepper sauce, salt, vinegar, soy sauce
Directions:
1. Cut the body of the fish.
2. Add salt to the fish before it is cooked.
3. Chop the bulb of green onions into small sections, and cut the green onions into pieces. Peel the garlic.
4. Mix the onions, garlic, ginger and red peppers. Fry them for a short time. Then get them all out.
5. Cook the fish and add vinegar and soy sauce.
6. Add onions, garlic, ginger and red peppers. Also add pepper sauce and water to boil the fish for some time.
7. Spoon the fish and add some fresh chopped green onions.
Sample 2:
Golden delicious fish!
Ingredients:
a fish, green onions, garlic, ginger, red peppers, pepper sauce, salt, vinegar, soy sauce
Directions:
First cut the body of the fish.and add some salt to the fish before it is cooked. Second chop the bulb of green onions into small sections, and cut the green onions into pieces. Peel the garlic. Mix the onions, garlic, ginger and red peppers. Next fry them for a short time. Get them all out. Cook the fish and add vinegar and soy sauce. Then Add some onions, garlic, ginger and red peppers. You can also add pepper sauce and water to boil the fish for some time. Finally spoon the fish and add some fresh chopped green onions. Now the golden fish is ready and you can enjoy it.
教后感:略
高一英语必修课件
第一部分：英语知识运用（共三节，满分54分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分， 满分15分）
1. He sat at the desk, __________ a novel.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
2. If you cheat in the exam, you could hardly _________ it.
A. throw away B. get away C. get away from D. get away with
3. No potatoes for me—I’m _______ a diet.
A. at B. in C. on D. with
4. The speed of cars and trucks is _____ to 30 kilometers per hour in large cities in China.
A. limited B. limiting C. limiting to D. limited to
5. Smoking is a bad habit. You should _________ it.
A. throw away B. get away with C. get rid of D. throw
6. I’m really tired _______ Tom. He had me _________ for two hours in the rain.
A. of, waiting B. with; wait C. of; waited D. with; waited
7. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ________ this year. (浙江 2005)
A. the best B. better C. the most D. more
8. Filled with anger, he didn’t shout or swear, but just ________ silently at me.
A. looked B. stared C. glared D. glanced
9. — Why was Tom scolded by our teacher? — For ________.
A. tell a lie B. telling lies C. told lies D. telling lie
10. — Anything new in the new regulations? — They will be ________ to us all.
A. of great benefit B. do harms C. do many good D. for the benefit
11. Must I get through the business in one evening? No, you ________.
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. needn’t to D. don’t have to
12. Your article is too long. You must _______ to about 3000 words.
A. cut it off B. cut it up C. cut it down D. cut it into
13. If your knowledge can be in some way _______ with my experiences, we are sure to succeed.
A. joined B. united C. connected D. combined
14. The news was so ____ that all the people present at the meeting were _______ at it.
A. amazing, amazing B. amazed, amazed C. amazing, amazed D. amazed, amazing
15. You ______be sitting in this waiting room, sir. You see, it is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. dare not C. need not D. will not
第二节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分， 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~10各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上。
Every person needs water and a diet of healthy foods. These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
People need energy 16 . They eat different kinds of food which change into energy. The energy is 17 in calories. Even when you 18 , you are using energy – about 65 calories an hour. 19 you are at school, or walking home, your body is burning up 100 calories an hour. When playing football or basketball, you 20 be using 400 calories an hour. On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, 21 as much as 650 calories an hour.
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables. It is 22 in fiber and low in sugar and fat. The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world. That is 23 lots of people in China have healthy white teeth.
People in the Western world do not eat such healthy foods. They eat 24 fat and sugar and don’t take enough 25 . Because of this, they 26 weight very easily. Their diet contains a lot of fat in the 27 of potato crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate. They eat a lot of sugar which exist in cakes, soft drinks, 28 and so on. The result is that many of them become fat. 29 some have bad teeth. In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, 30 the age of thirty, has no teeth left.
16. A. for lifeB. to live C. to live withD. for a living
17. A. measuringB. takenC. measuredD. measure
18. A. are asleepB. fall asleepC. go to sleep D. go to bed
19. A. WhileB. DuringC. AsD. If
20. A. mustB. canC. needD. might
21. A. surelyB. usuallyC. perhapsD. hardly
22. A. richB. poorC. goodC. bad
23. A. howB. whyC. whatD. that
24. A. much tooB. many tooC. too manyD. too much
25. A. exercisesB. foodC. workD. exercise
26. A. put onB. gain onC. get onD. put up
27. A. typeB. formC. kindD. sort
28. A. sweetsB. sweetC. candy barD. sweet thing
29. A. ButB. OrC. AndD. So
30. A. atB. forC. withD. by
第三节：阅读理解（共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的'四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上。 A．
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can keep your body strong, so take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy products group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
31. Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A. Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B. Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.
C. Corn, fish, cream and pork. D. Rice, beancurd, apples, fish and chicken.
32. Which of the following is a good eating habit?
A. Going to school without any breakfast.B. Eating fish and chips for supper all the time.
C. Finishing your lunch in a very short time.
D. Having at least one food from all the four groups each meal.
33. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ______.
A. every person needs food to grow wellB. taking exercise can keep your body strong
C. right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
D. enough energy helps people think more quickly
B.
Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
34. According to the passage,_________.
A .we should always keep fit
B. if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep
C. one can eat a lot to stay in good shape
D. one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy
35.In order to keep good health, ___________ .
A. we should eat a lot of sweets B. one needs a large amount of fat
C. people should eat according to the foods nutrition D. we must try to sleep now and then
36. Eating more and sleeping less________.
A. can keep healthy B. is no good for you
C. gets you more energy D. will keep your personality
37.The writer explains ________in this passage.
A. how to eat B. the importance of doing exercise
C. how to keep healthy D. what to eat
38.The title of the article should be___________ .
A. Eating and Exercising B. How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C. Staying Healthy D. Sleeping Well
C.
Isn't it astonishing how much time we spend talking about food? “Have you ever eaten …?” “What did you have for lunch?” and so on. And yet when you travel from one country to another, you will find that people have quite different feelings about food. People often feel that what they eat is normal (正常) and that what other people eat is strange or silly. In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice. In England, people eat potatoes every day. In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal. Eating like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change. Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee. The English drink tea four or five times every day. Australians drink a great deal of beer, and the French drink wine every day.
The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France. In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes. New Zealander eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat be-cause of its smell, but they enjoy eating raw fish (生鱼).
So it seems that although eating is a topic we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say it. People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits.
39. Which of the following is true according to the article?
A. All people have the same feeling about food.
B. In most parts of Asia, people usually have rice for meals.
C. People often consider other people to be strange or silly.
D. The topic people spend time talking about is bread and meat.
40. People in different countries .
A. drink the same sort of wineB. have the same eating habit
C. eat different kinds of meatD. have the same tea at different time within a day
41. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat .
A. because they dislike its smellB. because it is too expensive
C. because it is easy to go badD. because they think it will do harm to their health
42. English people drink tea four or five times a day .
A. because they get thirsty easilyB. because there is plenty of tea in Britain
C. because of their drinking habitD. because they have enough time to do so
第二部分：英语技能运用
第一节：根据句子的意思，写出正确的单词，并注意词的正确形式。（共10小题；10分）。
1. He gained all his ________(力量) and was ready for a second try.
2. I patted her _______(温柔地) on the shoulder.
3. It is healthier to keep a b_______ diet every day.
4. This restaurant was not giving its ______(顾客) energy-giving food.
5. ________ (好奇心)drove Wang Pengwei inside Yong Hui’s restaurant.
6. Wang Pengwei stopped worrying and started advertising the _______(好处) of his food.
7. To succeed, we must ___________(结合) talent with working hard.
8. He has been working for a long time, but he is still full of __________.（energetic）
9. You should do some _________(研究) before making the final decision.
10. She is not _________(苗条的)enough to wear these tight trousers.
第二节：用正确的情态动词填空（共5小题；5分）
1. When we are cooking with a gas fire, we ________(can / must) keep the window open.
2. Mr. Joseph has stayed in the US for several years. He _____(may / can) speak English quite well.
3. Jack’s ill, so they ______ (must / have to) change their plans.
4. It _______ (can't / mustn't) be Miss Gao. I know she has gone to Beijing.
5. You say you ________ not do it but I say you ____________ (shall / will)
第三节：根据中文意思完成句子(共5小题；10分)。
1. 我用了一个月才摆脱咳嗽。It took me a month to _____ _____ _____my cough.
2. 她欠我100块钱。 She _______ ________ _______ to me for 100 yuan RMB.
3. 我们应该抛弃考试作弊的坏习惯。We should ________ _________ the bad habit of cheating in the exam.
4.他们没有打架，只是站在那怒视对方。They didn’t fight, but stood there _____ ______ one another.
5．David 靠给报社写文章维生。David ____ _____ ______ by writing articles for newspapers.
教学目的要求：
1、知识目标：理解本文所写的内容，掌握一定的实词和个别虚词的用法，掌握“为……所……”被动句式的用法。
2、能力目标：理解本文在叙述中兼用议论抒情的表达方式及其作用。
3、思想感情和价值观目标：感受文天祥“不指南方不肯休”的爱国精神，体会其至死不渝的爱国情怀。
教学重点：
理解本文所写的内容，掌握一定的实词和个别虚词的用法，掌握“为……所……”被动句式的用法。
教学难点：
理解本文在叙述中兼用议论抒情的表达方式及其作用。
教学方法和学法指导：
文本只是载体，关键是教会他们对文言文学习的技巧，理解本文所涉及的重要实词和虚词的用法和一些被动句等语法性的内容，同时理解和背诵第五节。
由文天祥的诗句“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”诗句引出文天祥。抽生背诵《过零丁洋》一诗。
1、文天祥简介：文天祥（1236年6月6日－1283年1月9日），汉族，吉州庐陵（今江西青原区）人，南宋民族英雄，初名云孙，字天祥。选中贡士后，换以天祥为名，改字履善。宝祐四年（1256年）中状元后再改字宋瑞，后因住过文山，而号文山，又有号浮休道人。文天祥以忠烈名传后世，受俘期间，元世祖以高官厚禄劝降，文天祥宁死不屈，从容赴义，生平事迹被后世称许，与陆秀夫、张世杰被称为“宋末三杰”。在抗元过程里，文天祥对忠君与爱国二事处理得非常恰当。宋恭帝投降前，他起兵勤王；宋恭帝投降后，他没有跟着投降，而是坚持「君降臣不降」。后来，文天祥兵败被囚，元朝又利用宋恭帝去劝他投降，他还是不从。在他看来，宋恭帝是君主，不幸而失去国家，值得同情。但当此之时，社稷为重君为轻，他决不能以忠君的行动去改变他忠于国家的信念。文天祥不仅是一个爱国者，也是一个政治家。他认为大宋的危机主要在内部而非外部，因此积极要求改革。他批评大宋「守内虚外」（即镇内媚外）的方针，要求加强地方力量以抵御外侮。同时提出革除祖宗专制之法，通言路、集众思、从众谋，发挥中书枢密院的作用，主张用人必须举贤授能，收用君子，起用直言敢谏之士。由此可见，文天祥的政治主张，不但表达了时代的要求，而且顺应了历史发展的进程。
题目取自诗句“臣心一片磁针石，不指南方不肯休”的思想。
指南，即向着南方，“录”是诗集的意思。
本文是一篇序跋文章，作者通过对自身出使元营、逃归永嘉的历程的记叙，扼要地叙述了诗作产生的背景，同时也简要说明了诗集编辑的体例和目的，作序的时间和诗集命名，是一篇典范的书序；但又是一篇文质兼美的叙事散文。写作上的特点是记叙中兼用了抒情和议论。
二、
作为文言文教学，这是一个基础环节，学生通过这一学习活动，能够疏通文章，了解文意，积累文言知识。这一环节要教师引导，学生自主合作来完成。以课堂检查为主。
（一）按照示例在文中或过去学过的文中找出相关的例子，进行归纳积累。
教师发下练习纸，让学生试着找出即可。
（三）归纳每一自然段的意思。
第五节：痛定思痛，借回顾九死一生的经历，抒发精忠报国的激情。
三、
1、讲读第1自然段。
教师先列出问题（1）（2）（见下文），要求学生用课文原句回答。
明确：是在“时北兵已迫修门外，战、守、迁皆不及施”（当时元兵已迫近国都门外，出战、坚守、迁都全都来不及实施）的严重形势下出使北营的。
明确：心情是：“予不得爱身”（我不能只顾爱惜自己），即已抱定了为国捐躯的决心。其意图是：一方面“意北亦尚可以口舌动也”（估计元军方面还是可以用言语说动的），企图以外交手段来挽回败局；另一方面是“更欲一觇北，归而求救国之策”（更希望去观察一下元军的情况，回来后好寻求挽救国家的策略）。
小结段意：出使北营的背景、心情与意图；表达了作者在国事危急之际挺身自任的思想感情。
2、讲读第2、3自然段。
（1）提问：文天祥至北营大致经历了三个阶段，这三个阶段是怎样的？
明确：第一阶段是：“初至北营……北亦未敢遽轻吾国。”第二阶段是：“不幸吕师孟构恶于前，贾余庆献谄于后……予不得归矣。”（按：吕师孟叔侄先后投降元军，文天祥曾上书要求宋朝杀掉他们的亲属，因此和吕师孟结下了仇恨。“构”，造成、结成；“恶”，怨恨、仇恨。“构恶”，即“结仇”。贾余庆在德祐二年二月元军使者入临安城封府库之后，他以右丞相充“祈请使”出使元军，与元军合谋扣留文天祥。“献谄”，向敌人献媚，指合谋
扣留文天祥。这两个分句也可泽为：吕师孟以前和我有仇，贾余庆在背后（卖国）媚敌出卖我。）第三阶段是：“未几……北驱予并往，而不在使者之目。”
（2）提问：文天祥既然“分当引决”（按理应当自杀），为什么却又“隐忍以行”（暗中忍受着去了）？
明确：“将以有为也”（“以”后省代词“此”。全句可译为：是打算借此机会有所作为啊！这句话出自韩愈《张中丞传后叙》：“巡呼云曰：‘南八，男儿死耳，不可为不义屈。’云笑曰：‘欲将以有为也，公有言，云敢不死！’”）。
小结段意：出使北营，震慑敌方，身受羁縻和被驱北上；表达了他忍辱负重，图谋再举的思想。
3、讲读第4自然段。
本段写了三层意思：第1层，得脱后的喜悦；第2层，受误会后的困境；第3层，得舟后急于南下的急迫心情。要求学生注意画出那些既能准确表明作者活动的特点，又能表达作者急切、紧张的心情，以及连续所经历的坎坷的动词；领会作者用词灵活多样的特点及其表达效果。
极富表现力的动词有：“奔”写出了当时迫不择路的极快速度；“变”“诡”二字反映了形势突变以及自己采取的果敢行动；“避”“出”“渡”“入”“展转”“至于”等一连串动词，反映了作者迅速离开险境的情况，同时也表现了作者急于南下组织力量抗元以报效国家的急切心情。
小结段意：写出京口抵永嘉的苦难历程，表现了作者经历艰险，仍力图中兴的心愿。
4、讲读第5自然段。
先给学生指出本段在结构上与前面1、2、3、4段的关系：本文在表达方式上有一显著特点，即“叙述和抒情相结合”。这具体体现在第1—4自然段侧重记叙曲折艰难的经历，第5自然段则偏重于对这种经历的慨叹，前者是后者的必要铺垫，后者是在前者的基础上的自然流露与抒发。例如，第2自然有“予自度不得脱，则直前诟虏帅失信……”，第5自然段则有“诋大酋当死……”；再如，第3自然段有“至京口，得间奔真州”，第5自然段则有“去京口……几自刭死。”让学生理解了上述关系之后，然后引导学生理解本段的层次结构。
本段可分三个层次：
第1层：“呜呼！予之及于死者不知其几矣！”（唉！我接近死亡的危险，真不知有多少次了啊！“之”，结构助词。“者”，指示代词，代及于死的情况。“其”，语气词，表测度。）用“呜呼”引出“及于死”的危难，总起下文。
第2层：承接上文，连用了“……当死”“几……死”“……死”等17个排比句，最后用一“无可奈何，而死固付之度外矣！”情感真挚，气势磅礴，大大提高了表达效果。
第3层：“呜呼！死生，昼夜事也……痛定思痛，痛何如哉！”（……痛苦过去了再回想痛苦，那是多么的痛苦啊！“痛何如”即“如何痛”；为强调“痛”，故将“痛”提前）三句，把思想感情向前推进，进一步抒发了出生入死而国事难为的伤痛。
至此，要求学生当堂熟读、背诵本段，使他们受到作者高洁情操的强烈感染。为强化记忆，可先将课文结合北行路线、脱险行程图例来理解记忆，也可将课文化整为零分块识记，如前三个“当死”、三个“几……死”可为一块，后十二“……死”又可分为三块。先个人读，再分组读，后全班读。
以上第1——5自然段是全文的第一部分，第5自然段是全文抒发感慨、表达心志的高潮，是前一部分的深化和后一部分的提引。
5、讲读第二部分（第6——8自然段）。
列出题目（见下文），要求用课文原句回答并解说。
明确：文天祥“在患难中，间以诗记所遭，今存其本不忍废，……”（在患难当中，有时用诗来记录所遭遇的事情，现在保存着那些稿本不忍心丢掉……）。
明确：目的是“将藏之于家，使来者读之，悲予志焉。”（打算把它藏在家里，使后世人阅读它，同情我的志向啊。文天祥的志向是什么？中兴复国。）
明确：取诗集中《扬子江》一诗“臣心一片磁针石，不指南方不肯休”句意命名，表达了作者心指南宋、冒死南归的一片忠贞爱国之情。
小结第二部分6——8段段意：说明诗篇的写作情况和结集的目的，交代诗集的命名。
归纳中心思想，并评价文天祥的行动。
四、再读作品，体会感情，感受人物的精神美。
（一）请大家有感情地诵读全文，根据自己的理解说说你读出了文天祥什么感情？
2、忠心报国的强烈愿望。
3、坚贞不屈的民族气节。
4、九死未悔的坚定意志。
5、隐忍有为的悲壮情怀。
6、富贵不淫的浩然正气。
7、生死大义的独特理解。
（二）哪些句子能够体现这样的情感？请找出来读一读，体会一下，并作简要分析。
2、予更欲一觇北，归而求救国之策。
3、初至北营，抗辞慷慨。
4、直前诟虏帅失信，数吕师孟叔侄为逆，但欲求死，不复顾利害。
6、中兴机会，庶几在此。
7、穷饿无聊，追购又急，天高地迥，号呼靡及。
8、呜呼！予之及于死者，不知其几矣！
9、呜呼！死生，昼夜事也，死而死矣，而境界危恶，层见错出，非人世所堪。痛定思痛，痛何如哉！
10、将藏之于家，使来者读之，悲予志焉。
11、生无以救国难，死犹为厉鬼以击贼，义也。
12、修我戈矛，从王于师，以为前驱，雪九庙之耻，复高祖之业，所谓“誓不与贼俱生”，所谓“鞠躬尽力，死而后已”，亦义也。
13、使旦夕得正丘首，复何憾哉！复何憾哉！等。
以上这些句子，或抒情、或议论、饱含作者的强烈感情，但是每一句的情感都不一样。
五、
草合离宫转夕晖，孤云漂泊复何依？
山河风景原无异，城郭人民半已非。
满地芦花和我老，旧家燕子傍谁飞！
天地有正气，杂然赋流形。下则为河岳，上则为日星。
于人曰浩然，沛乎塞苍冥。皇路当清夷，含和吐明庭。
时穷节乃见，一一垂丹青。在齐太史简，在晋董狐笔。
在秦张良椎，在汉苏武节。为严将军头，为嵇侍中血。
为张睢阳齿，为颜常山舌。或为辽东帽，清操厉冰雪。
或为出师表，鬼神泣壮烈。或为渡江楫，慷慨吞胡羯。
或为击贼笏，逆竖头破裂。是气所磅礴，凛烈万古存。
当其贯日月，生死安足论。地维赖以立，天柱赖以尊。
三纲实系命，道义为之根。嗟予遘阳九，隶也实不力。
楚囚缨其冠，传车送穷北。鼎镬甘如饴，求之不可得。
阴房阗鬼火，春院闭天黑。牛骥同一皂，鸡栖凤凰食。
一朝蒙雾露，分作沟中瘠。如此再寒暑，百疠自辟易。
嗟哉沮洳场，为我安乐国。岂有他缪巧，阴阳不能贼！
顾此耿耿在，仰视浮云白。悠悠我心悲，苍天曷有极。
哲人日已远，典刑在夙昔。风檐展书读，古道照颜色！
六、
第五节：痛定思痛，借回顾九死一生的'经历，抒发精忠报国的激情。
第一部分第1—4自然段侧重记叙曲折艰难的经历，第5自然段则偏重于对这种经历的慨叹。
第二部分6——8段段意：说明诗篇的写作情况和结集的目的，交代诗集的命名。
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